Limestone is mainly the following types

(1) Grain limestone.Limestone formed by particle composition.Most particles components, such as debris, skeletal, oolitic and part of the aggregate and the clumps are apparently formed by the steric (water handling, but part of the aggregate, the formation of the briquette, and no water.Therefore, arguments with alienation, said such limestone.Usually according to the grain diameter 2 mm threshold value is divided into fine grain limestone and coarse grain limestone.Fine grain limestone is mainly composed of calcium carbonate arene.Again according to particle types are divided into: calcarenite, oolitic limestone, granular limestone, mass limestone.

Calcarenite and usually by sparry oolitic limestone cement, mainly accumulated in high energy environment, such as wave and current strong sand mouth open shore shallow sea shelf area, sand dam, shallow waters and tidal channel sedimentary units.Coarse grain limestone is mainly composed of gravel penecontemporaneous calcium carbonate.Typical coarse grain limestone is gravel ground round degree good, circle in the oxidation of bamboo leaf shape limestone, output in high-energy oxidation of the offshore environment.

(2) The micrite.The role of unbonded extremely fine mud limestone composed of calcium carbonate.According to the causes, including mud crumbs limestone and calcareous very fine grain limestone.Deposition of plaster, the former refers to water flow is a kind of carbonate particles abrasion to the fine product;The latter refers to the chemical precipitation from the water body of fine grain sediment (mud) crystal.This two kinds of limestone, identification there is a big difficulty in the practical work, so the word micrite come very fine grain limestone, regardless of their origin.They all belong to the static water and the product of low band.

(3) The laminated limestone.Is mainly composed of mucous algae (blue and green algae), through the secrete calcium carbonate, precipitation and capture, caking carbonate rock particulate matter.Because it is not formed by petrochemical calcium algae, say again so Cain algal boundstone.According to the characters of hidden algal binding effect of fabric, it can be divided into grain limestone and laminated limestone.Grain limestone for obvious level implicit algal grain layer structure of limestone.Hidden algae grain formation is rich in algae, the carbonate sedimentary organic matter laminae and poor algae laminae of double laminated structure.The limestone is mainly output on the tide and tidal low-energy environment.Laminated limestone is made up of arch algal laminated structure of limestone.Algae effect causes the microscopic structure of the evidence was algae filaments, algal cells, algae growth form of fan or radial microcrystalline structure beam and algae decomposing and leave empty (i.e., spongy structure, layered geode).

(4) Clot limestone.No hidden algae laminae coagulation massive limestone.Implicit algal clot although no internal laminated body, but has the stromatolite macro appearance and the structure of the similar to grow up.Compared with laminated limestone, rough surface rather than smooth, often bumps with wrinkles or hemp dot.The asymmetry of internal microscopic fabric to clot nebulee and spongy, which often contain 1 centimeter size microcrystalline calcite, and containing a small amount of debris particles and the occasional show the concentric laminated of unclear.Between the clot sparry calcite, silt and sand calcite sediment filling.Sometimes have a small amount of calcium in clot algae (girvanella, with branches of algae) fine filaments.Clot limestone output environment is broad, from the intertidal zone to deep subtidal zone.

(5) limestone deposition.Refers to the bottom of the sea contains the original belt roots of biological calcium (algae, sea lilies, insect, moss layer hole), through the role of the block itself will carry into the accumulation of calcium carbonate crystal mud intercepted.Obstacle of limestone deposition is the basic material of plaster - micritic calcite.Disabled limestone rock mass usually dome shaped, so is also called the plaster hill or mound.High body internal structure and common layered geode fossils with roots.

6 The skeleton limestone, also called biological reef limestone.This is a skeleton of carbonate biological building body.Carbonate rock sediments skeleton will stick together and form a fixed on the bottom of the sea hard carbonate reef with the wave resistance.Made the skeleton creature with coral, algae helictite, layer holes, pane of sea moss and thick shell clams, etc., and form the different biological skeleton limestone.The ancient skeletons limestone changes with geologic evolution history and biology.

Each period has its unique combination of: the Cambrian is given priority to with the ancient cup and calcium algae;- in the late ordovician to rhododendrons, insect, layer hole, plate corals is given priority to;The silurian and devonian is given priority to with layer hole worm, plate corals;Late late Triassic and Jurassic is given priority to with coral, layer hole;The late cretaceous is given priority to with thick shell clams;Oligocene and pliocene and pleistocene is given priority to with six shoot coral.Skeleton limestone usually form a bulge at the bottom of the sea, beyond the sediments in the same period.Uplift block a little reef, reef mound, atolls, layered rock, etc., its shape and size, decided to seawater depth, temperature, speed of terrain, basin and transgression regressive changes, etc.

All landowners leopard skin limestone, a yellow, reddish brown irregular porphyritic limestone.Looks like the leopard skin, so the name.Substrate for aphanitic or microcrystalline calcite, markings are mainly dolomite.Generally believe that it is composed of dolomitization.China Cambrian, ordovician strata in common.

End of flint limestone.Contain dark grey or black chert tuberculosis or stripe, the flint can be diagenetic stage, also can be a period of syngenetic.Sinian suberathem common in China.

Pet-name ruby chalk, it is a kind of fine white porous crumbly limestone, very pure, its CaCO3 content > 97%, mineral composition are mainly low magnesium calcite, may contain a small amount of clay minerals and fine grained quartz debris, biological components mainly coccolith (2 ~ 25 microns) and a small amount of calcium.Chalk is generated in the warm ocean environment, its sedimentary depth from dozens of meters to a few hundred meters.

Attending crystalline limestone.Referring to composed of crystalline calcite or recrystallization calcite limestone.Most crystalline limestone are native limestone by diagenetic recrystallization changed the original particle composition and biological adhesive composition.Therefore, most of the crystalline limestone is recrystallization limestone.Recrystallization limestone can be different levels of retain the original structure features of the palimpsest.Crystalline limestone have native, such as continental surface springs, caves or river formed by evaporation of the travertine and sinter.

Travertine is a compact strip calcium deposits.Usually irregular block structure of stalactites and stalagmites, development in turn precipitate from the solution of calcite or aragonite crystals crusty laminae.Surface of productive for limestone cave.Calcium sinter specifically to calcite or aragonite crystals spongy porous loose on the earth's surface sediment.How dendritic, radial or half globular, structure characteristics, such as internal often keep the plant stem and leaf trace.Output in hot springs, fissure water out of the earth's surface.

⑾ Calcium and rock, a kind of development in arid or semiarid region in the soil and sand rich calcareous sediments.Concentric ring like pillow shaped body.Microscope, consists of concentric lenticular calcite and the small tuberculosis.Concentric rings of shrinkage crack and corrosion status of detrital quartz and feldspar.Calcium and rock is along the capillary rise of water containing gray matter, the evaporation of precipitation formation.Dissolution of quartz and feldspar particles represent different degree caused by calcium metasomatism.

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